BESSEMER CONVERTER

                                             BESSEMER CONVERTER
THIS PROCESS MAKE USE OF PEAR SHAPE  IRON CONVERTER WHICH IS SUPPLIED WITH PIG IRON MELTED IN CUPOLA. THE CONVERTER IS LINED WITH FIRE BRICKS AND CAN  REVOLVE ABOUT HORIZONTAL TRUNNIONS . THE BOTTOM IS PIERCED BY A NUMBER OF TUYERES CONNECTING WITH  WIND BOX UNDERNEATH AND MADE DETACHABLE SINCE THE BEAR IT IS VERY SEVERE. IT IS USUALLY CHANGED AFTER EVERY FIFTEEN TO TWENTY BLOWS . TO RECEIVE THE CHARGE THE CONVERTER IS TURN DOWN IN THE HORIZONTAL POSITION AND AGAIN BROUGHT TO VERTICAL POSITION

A STRONG BLAST OF AIR IS SUPPLIED TO THE CHARGE ABOUT 20 MINUTE . THE METAL BECOMES AGITATED BY THE PASSAGE OF AIR BLAST AND A SHOWER OF SPARKS IS CONTINUOUSLY EMITTED FROM THE MOUTH OF CONVERTER.

IRON OXIDE IS FORMED WHICH INTERN REACT WITH THE IMPURITY FORMED IN THE IRON . SILICON IS THE FIRST TO BE REMOVED AS IT IS MOIST EASILY OXIDES OF THE ELEMENT PRESENT 

Si + 2Fe -> SiO2 + 2Fe  

AS THE FLOW PROCEED A FLAME GRADUALLY APPEARS AT THE MOUTH OF THE VESSEL AND MANGANESE STARTS OXIDISING SOME OF THE OXIDES OF Si , Mn , AND Fe ARE EJECTED IN THE FORM BROWN FUMES BUT THOSE REMAINING IN THE CONVERTER COMBINES TO FORM A SLAG WHICH FLOATS ON A METAL . THE LAST ELEMENT TO BE ELIMINATED IS THE IS THE CARBON WHICH FOLLOW THE REACTION 

C + FeO --->    CO + FE

THE BLAST IS SHUT OFF AND A QUALITY OF FERROMANGNESE OR SOME OTHER SUITABLE ALLOY STEEL AS REQUIRED IS ADDED AND THE BLAST IS RESUMED FOR FEW MINUTES . THE CONVERTER IS DENSE INTO DISCHARGING POSITION AND DISCHARGED INTO LADELS FROM WHICH THE METAL IS POURED IN MOULDS WHERE IT SOLIDIFIES TO FORM INGOTS.

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